After completing the lectures and reading, the student is expected to know:
- Know the basic parameters of underwater acoustics.
- Describe the backscattering properties of fish and other aquatic organisms.
- Describe the fundaments for echo counting and echo integration.
- Describe the standard calibration procedures for echo sounders.
- Understand the difference between single beam, split beam, multibeam and sonar.
- Describe how the two way transmission loss may be compensated for. (TVG).
- How targets can be identified acoustically.
- Know the advantage and statistical limitation in transect sampling, as compared to random sampling.
- How to measure the mean target strength of fish.
- How to measure swimming speed and swimming direction of single targets.
- How and when biological sampling is conducted in acoustic surveys.
- How length samples from multiple stations within strata is combined for demersal and pelagic fish surveys.
- Know about the most recognized errors and limitations in acoustic surveys.